Latest research

Time taken to reach treatment for eating disorders in New Zealand.

Rachel Lawson, Roma Watterson, Martin A Kennedy, Cynthia M Bulik, Jennifer Jordan

Australasian Psychiatry

Published November 2024

Abstract

Objective: The significant cost burden of eating disorders (EDs) could be lessened with quicker access to treatment. Little is known about the time it takes to reach treatment. We aimed to examine the time to access treatment in New Zealand. Method: 468 respondents of the Costs of Eating Disorders online survey provided data including demographics; diagnoses; treatment journey, length of time to seek help; time to diagnosis after seeking help; GP referral to a specialist after diagnosis; and waiting time to see an EDs specialist. Results: Half the sample took more than a year to seek help. Those with bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge-eating disorder (BED) took significantly longer to seek help than those with anorexia nervosa and Other EDs. Once participants sought help, half the sample was diagnosed within 1 week. GPs referred most participants to an EDs specialist. Of those placed on a waiting list to see an EDs specialist, just under half were seen within 6 weeks, with no significant differences by diagnosis in waiting time. Conclusions: Improving the acceptability of seeking help, particularly in those with BN and BED, early recognition of symptoms, and improving treatment pathways are key to minimising longer term impacts.


Genome-wide copy number variation association study in anorexia nervosa

Alicia Walker... Laura M. Thornton... Jennifer Jordan, Martin A. Kennedy... Cynthia M. Bulik & Naomi R. Wray

Molecular Psychiatry - This is a free to read article. 

Published November 2024

Abstract: This study represents the first large-scale investigation of rare (<1% population frequency) copy number variants (CNVs) in anorexia nervosa (AN). Large, rare CNVs are reported to be causally associated with anthropometric traits, neurodevelopmental disorders, and schizophrenia, yet their role in the genetic basis of AN is unclear. Using genome-wide association study (GWAS) array data from the Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative (ANGI), which included 7414 AN case and 5044 controls, we investigated the association of 67 well-established syndromic CNVs and 178 pleiotropic disease-risk dosage-sensitive CNVs with AN. To identify novel CNV regions (CNVRs) that increase the risk of AN, we conducted genome-wide association studies with a focus on rare CNV-breakpoints (CNV-GWAS). We found no net enrichment of rare CNVs, either deletions or duplications, in AN, and none of the well-established syndromic or pleiotropic CNVs had a significant association with AN status. However, the CNV-GWAS found 21 nominally associated CNVRs that contribute to AN risk, covering protein-coding genes implicated in synaptic function, metabolic/mitochondrial factors, and lipid characteristics, like the CD36 (7q21.11) gene, which transports long-chain fatty acids into cells. CNVRs intersecting genes previously related to neurodevelopmental traits include deletions of NRXN1 intron 5 (2p16.3), IMMP2L (7q31.1), and PTPRD (9p23). Overall, given that our study is well powered to detect the CNV burden level reported for schizophrenia, we can conclude that rare CNVs have a limited role in the etiology of AN, as reported for bipolar disorder. Our nominal associations for the 21 discovered CNVRs are consistent with AN being a metabo-psychiatric trait, as demonstrated by the common genetic architecture of AN, and we provide association results to allow for replication in future research.


The role of co-occurring conditions and genetics in the associations of eating disorders with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder

Gitte Bundgaard Christiansen... Cynthia M. Bulik... & Janne Tidselbak Larsen

Molecular Psychiatry - This is a free to read article.

Published November 2024


Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in New Zealand and Australia: a scoping review

Hannah L Kennedy, Leonie M Hitchman, Michaela A Pettie, Cynthia M Bulik, Jennifer Jordan

Journal of Eating Disorders - This is a free to read article. 

Published November 2023


Eating disorders, disordered eating, and body image research in New Zealand: a scoping review

Lana Cleland, Hannah L Kennedy, Michaela A Pettie, Martin A Kennedy, Cynthia M Bulik, Jennifer Jordan

Journal of Eating Disorders - This is a free to read article. 

Published January 2023


Common Genetic Variation and Age at Onset of Anorexia Nervosa.

Hunna J. Watson, Laura M. Thornton... Cynthia M. Bulik

Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science - This is a free to read article.

Published October 2022


Recommendations to encourage participation of individuals
from diverse backgrounds in psychiatric genetic studies

Casey MacDermod, Michaela A Pettie... Hannah L Kennedy... Martin A Kennedy, Lana Cleland, Jennifer Jordan... Laura M Thornton, & Cynthia M Bulik

American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics - This is a free to read article. 

Published July 2022


Predicting eating disorder and anxiety symptoms using disorder-specific and transdiagnostic polygenic scores for anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Zeynep Yilmaz, Katherine Schaumberg, Matthew Halvorsen, Erica L. Goodman, Leigh C. Brosof, James J. Crowley, Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative, Eating Disorders Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Tourette Syndrome/Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Carol A. Mathews, Manuel Mattheisen, Gerome Breen, Cynthia M. Bulik, Nadia Micali, and Stephanie C. Zerwas.

Psychological Medicine

Published March 4, 2022

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Shared genetic risk between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes: Evidence from genome-wide association studies.

Melissa A. Munn-Chernoff, Emma C. Johnson, ... Cynthia M. Bulik and Arpana Agrawal.

Addiction Biology

Published 16 February, 2020

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The Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative (EDGI): study protocol.

Cynthia M. Bulik, Laura M. Thornton, Richard Parker, Hannah Kennedy, Jessica H. Baker, Casey MacDermod, Jerry Guintivano, Lana Cleland, Allison L. Miller, Lauren Harper, Janne T. Larsen, Zeynep Yilmaz, Jakob Grove, Patrick F. Sullivan, Liselotte V. Petersen, Jennifer Jordan, Martin A. Kennedy & Nicholas G. Martin

BMC Psychiatry

Published 4 May, 2021

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Continuity of Genetic Risk for Aggressive Behavior Across the Life-Course.

Camiel M. van der Laan, José J. Morosoli-García, Steve GA. van de Weijer, Lucía Colodro-Conde on behalf of the ACTION Consortium, Michelle K. Lupton, Brittany L. Mitchell, Kerrie McAloney, Richard Parker, Jane M. Burns, Ian B. Hickie, René Pool, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Nicholas G. Martin, Sarah E. Medland, Michel G. Nivard and Dorret I. Boomsma

Behavior Genetics

Published 14 August, 2021

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Genetic correlations of psychiatric traits with body composition and glycemic traits are sex- and age-dependent.

Christopher Hübel, Héléna A. Gaspar, ... Cynthia M. Bulik and Gerome Breen.

Nature Communications

Published 18 December, 2019

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Associations between eating expectancies and Eating disorder symptoms in men and women

Leigh C.Brosof, Melissa A.Munn-Chernoff, Cynthia M.Bulik, Jessica H.Baker

Appetite

Volume 141, 1 October 2019, 104309

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A longitudinal study of eating behaviours in childhood and later eating disorder behaviours and diagnoses

Moritz HerleBianca De StavolaChristopher HübelMohamed Abdulkadir

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 August 2019

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Epigenetics in eating disorders: a systematic review

Christopher Hübel, Sarah J. Marzi, Gerome Breen, Cynthia M. Bulik

Molecular Psychiatry volume 24, pages901–915(2019) Published: 23 October 2018

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Association of etiological factors across the extreme end and continuous variation in disordered eating in female Swedish twins

Lisa DinklerMark J. TaylorMaria RåstamNouchine Hadjikhani

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 December 2019

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Genetic and environmental contributions to diagnostic fluctuation in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa

Shuyang YaoHenrik LarssonClaes NorringAndreas Birgegård

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 29 October 2019

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Exploring the gene–environment nexus in eating disorders

Cynthia M. Bulik

Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience 2005 Sep; 30(5): 335–339.

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Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors for Eating Disorders: What the Clinician Needs to Know

Suzanne E.Mazzeo PhDa, Cynthia M.Bulik PhD

Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America

Volume 18, Issue 1, January 2009, Pages 67-82

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This page contains some of the interesting and meaningful peer-reviewed academic publications we have released while working on EDGI.

If you have any questions or would like to know more about our publications, please contact us at edgi@otago.ac.nz or 021 279 0882.

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